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Although China’s intelligence activities may not have been well documented, they can be traced back to the ancient writings of Sun Tzu, and espionage has been a characteristic of Chinese domestic politics and international relations ever since. The People’s Republic of China has long engaged in espionage, but relatively little is known about Chinese techniques, methodology, personnel, and organizations in comparison with what the West has learned about other more conventional intelligence agencies that conduct operations across the world. Whereas most intelligence services have suffered damaging defections, the number of Ministry of State Security professionals who have switched sides is relatively small, further limiting outside knowledge.
The Historical Dictionary of Chinese Intelligence covers the history of Chinese Intelligence from 400 B.C. to modern times. This is done through a chronology, an introductory essay, an extensive bibliography, and an index. The dictionary section has over 400 cross-referenced entries on the agencies and agents, the operations and equipment, the tradecraft and jargon, and many of the countries involved. This book is an excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Chinese Intelligence.
- Sales Rank: #2972364 in Books
- Brand: Brand: Scarecrow Press
- Published on: 2012-05-04
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.44" h x 1.20" w x 6.49" l, 1.60 pounds
- Binding: Hardcover
- 392 pages
- Used Book in Good Condition
Review
This title’s chronology mirrors its focus: one page covers 400 BCE (Sun Tzu) to CE 1913, whereas information on the 20th century occupies eight pages, and the 21st, two. The fascinating introduction contrasts Soviet and Western styles of espionage with the fundamentally different Chinese style....This volume compiles an impressive amount of data. (Library Journal)
Suitable for the reference collections of academic and large public libraries, along with specialized collections in intelligence, political science, or Chinese history. (American Reference Books Annual)
The present volume has been written jointly by a former FBI officer specializing in Chinese intelligence, and a well-known British writer on intelligence matters. They have provided about 370 articles, ranging in length from 30 to over 3,000 words....The dictionary offers extensive quotations from an MI5 briefing to British companies on the dangers of Chinese espionage. (Reference Reviews)
About the Author
I.C. Smith was one of the top investigators with the FBI for some 25 years working in Chinese counter-intelligence. In 1980 he was promoted to the FBI’s Senior Executive Service and appointed the State Department’s Chief of Investigations, Counterintelligence Programs, and Diplomatic Security. He then entered the FBI’s National Security Division and was Section Chief for Analysis, Budget and Training, responsible for liaison with foreign intelligence and security agencies and represented the FBI in the U.S. Intelligence Community and on the National Foreign Intelligence Board. Since retirement in 1998 he lectures at the Joint Counterintelligence Training Academy, the Office of the Counterintelligence Executive, and testified before the U.S. China Commission on the intelligence threat of the PRC.
Nigel West is currently the European Editor of the International Journal of Intelligence and Counter-Intelligence and teaches the history of postwar intelligence at the Centre for Counterintelligence and Security Studies. He is the author of many books, including the Historical Dictionary of British Intelligence (Scarecrow, 2005), Historical Dictionary of International Intelligence (Scarecrow, 2006), Historical Dictionary of Cold War Counterintelligence (Scarecrow, 2007), and Historical Dictionary of Sexspionage (Scarecrow, 2009). In October 2003 he was awarded the U.S. Association of Former Intelligence Officers' first Lifetime Literature Achievement Award.
Most helpful customer reviews
17 of 17 people found the following review helpful.
Incomplete and Lacking Thought
By Meng Peide
To put it mildly, this book is a profound disappointment after spending $65. It is more useful as an expensive index than as a handy desk reference, given the number of factual errors and holes in its coverage as well as the failure to include citations outside of a bibliography. Adding voluminous citations may seem like academic affectation; however, the mistakes and omissions do not give the authors (and by extension the publisher) the credibility to forego such transparency.
The chronology, cross-referencing within entries, and a thorough index are useful and deserve better material than contained in the book. The volume also provides useful entries on a handful of figures obscure in the West and more than a few economic espionage cases. Unfortunately, while these features may salvage a star, they are insufficient to rescue the book from its many problems.
The biggest criticism is that Smith and West's effort is horribly incomplete. Certainly any effort to cover modern Chinese intelligence history is going to involve tradeoffs, but it is hard to justify the gaping holes while there are four-page entries on PLA Air Force dogfights, irrelevant entries like Uzbekistan, and coverage of spies who did not really impact Chinese intelligence history like Richard Sorge (a Soviet intelligence officer most famous for his exploits in Tokyo in the 1930s). Below are just a few examples of omissions and problems within the text that can hardly be considered excusable:
-- Not a single military intelligence officer from the last thirty or forty years is covered, even the obvious ones where English-language information is available such as the notorious Xiong Guangkai and the recently replaced Ma Xiaotian. Both received coverage in the China Leadership Monitor run out of the Hoover Institute at Stanford. This is not an obscure publication for anyone with a professional interest in China, given that the authors are some of the leading lights of the China field, e.g. Alice Miller, Joseph Fewsmith, James Mulvenon, Barry Naughton, Li Cheng, and Michael Swaine.
-- Only two Ministers of State Security (the civilian intelligence chief) even have entries. Given that the Ministry of State Security was created in 1983 and has had only four chiefs over 29 years, it does not seem like an unreasonable expectation that all four have an entry or that the entries be more than cursory. For example, Geng Huichang is only listed as the current minister, but none of his previous positions such as head of the China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations are listed despite their presence in the public record. Additionally, the authors do not include a single vice minister, some of whom presumably have identifiable public traces.
-- Important dates in the history of modern Chinese intelligence, such as the founding of Chinese Communist Party's (CCP) first intelligence departments in the 1920s and 1930s, are not included. A lot of space, however, gets spent on entries, such as the First Opium War (1839-1842), that have only tenuous relevance for understanding China's intelligence apparatus.
-- The three PLA services (army, navy, and air force) get coverage and, despite not relating the entry to intelligence functions, they have lengthy entries that are not more valuable than a quick trip to FAS, GlobalSecurity.org, or Wikipedia. Better still, interested readers should go find the National Bureau of Asian Research's Strategic Asia 2012-13: China's Military Challenge, Dennis Blasko's The Chinese Army Today: Tradition and Transformation for the 21st Century (Asian Security Studies) or the writings on the PLA coming from the Naval War College faculty----all of which cost significantly less.
-- Famous Chinese intelligence officers get omitted altogether, such as Qian Zhuangfei and Hu Di, two of the "Three Heroes of the Dragon's Lair," while the third, Li Kenong, gets four short sentences, despite being a leading intelligence officer for 30 years. Chen Geng, one of Zhou Enlai's operational chiefs, and Pan Hannian, an important operative during the 1930s and 1940s, also go unmentioned. Readers unfamiliar with this history might see this as nitpicking; however, all of these individuals (and more) receive prominent mention in the sources Smith and West claim to cite in their bibliography. The authors excuse their lack of coverage of these people, because they claim Chinese books and memoirs do not exist----a statement flatly contradicted by China expert David Chambers who is researching this period (see his recent article on the historiography of Chinese intelligence in Studies in Intelligence).
-- Finally, if Peter Mattis is to be believed (see the Diplomat and Studies in Intelligence), then, contrary to Smith and West, the Chinese do define intelligence differently than information and probably put a greater emphasis on intelligence's relevance to decision making than their Western counterparts. Why Smith and West insist the Chinese do not distinguish between intelligence and information without noting a single Chinese source in their bibliography that might have bearing on the question staggers credulity. But it speaks to the sloppiness inherent throughout the volume.
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